Economy
IMF Article IV report: Expert urges greater policy balance
Nigeria’s positive assessment of her economic reforms by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as contained in its Article IV Consultation Report, has drawn applause from economic expert and Chief executive Officer, Center for the Promotion of Private Enterprise (CPPE), Dr. Muda Yusuf.
He noted that the IMF’s acknowledgement of the progress made in restoring macroeconomic stability is broadly consistent with the position consistently advanced by CPPE and many stakeholders within the Nigerian private sector.
According to him, the reforms have helped to stabilise the foreign exchange market, improve external sector balances, strengthen investor confidence and restore a measure of policy credibility. Besides, Yusuf said the moderation in exchange rate volatility, the improvement in foreign reserves, the recovery in capital inflows and the stronger performance of many quoted companies underscore the positive outcomes of the stabilisation measures undertaken over the past three years.
“These gains are significant. After years of macroeconomic distortions, the economy is gradually moving from a regime of instability to one of greater predictability. This is an important foundation for investment, productivity and sustainable growth,” Dr. Yusuf said.
The CPPE, he said, equally agrees with the IMF’s concern about the persistence of poverty and food insecurity despite the progress made on macroeconomic stabilisation. This is because economic reforms are ultimately judged not only by their impact on macroeconomic indicators but by their ability to improve the welfare of citizens. He argued that while exchange rate stability, reserve accumulation and fiscal consolidation are important, however, he said, the true test of reform is whether they translate into lower food prices, better jobs, improved incomes and enhanced living standards.
He therefore proffered that the next phase of economic management should focus on converting macroeconomic gains into welfare gains, noting that the challenge before policymakers is no longer merely one of economic stabilisation but increasingly one of inclusive prosperity.
Yusuf warned of a situation that may lead to a risk of extreme monetary orthodoxy. According to him, while the IMF’s support for monetary tightening reflects conventional stabilisation thinking, he nonetheless expressed worries about the IMF’s continued emphasis on high interest rates without sufficient consideration of the adverse consequences for investment, enterprise growth, job creation and sovereign debt service pressures.
“The current monetary policy stance has delivered some benefits in terms of inflation moderation and exchange rate stability. However, every policy instrument has a point of diminishing returns. Beyond that point, the costs may begin to outweigh the benefits.
“The cost of credit in Nigeria has reached levels that are becoming increasingly prohibitive for productive investment. Lending rates remain among the highest in the world, making it difficult for businesses to expand, invest or create jobs.
“High yields on government securities have also intensified the crowding-out effect in the financial system. Banks and investors are increasingly channeling resources into treasury bills and government bonds rather than financing productive sectors of the economy. As a consequence, capital is gravitating towards financial assets rather than productive assets.
“An economy cannot achieve sustainable development when financial capital earns higher returns from government financial instruments than from supporting enterprise, innovation and industrialization,” Dr. Yusuf argued.
He also flayed the IMF for not sufficiently appreciating the developmental role of targeted financing interventions in an economy like Nigeria. He explained that development finance is not merely a policy choice, but an economic necessity. He warned that leaving such entirely to market forces, critical sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, housing and infrastructure would remain chronically underfunded, thereby constraining productivity, job creation, industrialisation and long-term economic growth.
“Nigeria’s economic structure differs fundamentally from those of advanced economies. Strategic sectors such as agriculture, manufacturing, housing and infrastructure require long-term, patient capital which conventional market-based financing channels are often unable or unwilling to provide efficiently.
“In an economy where commercial lending is largely short-term, costly and risk-averse, development finance remains indispensable for unlocking productivity, supporting investment, expanding output and driving inclusive growth. A purely market-driven financing model cannot adequately address Nigeria’s structural financing gaps.
“Agriculture, for instance, cannot sustainably absorb commercial credit priced at prevailing market rates. Infrastructure projects often require financing tenors extending beyond what conventional banking structures can support.
“Development finance, therefore, should not be perceived as a distortion of the financial market; it is often a necessary response to market failure. Economic transformation has historically been supported by development finance institutions across both developed and emerging economies,” Dr. Yusuf warned.
Economy
Dangote: Fed. govt.’s economic reforms driving Nigeria’s economic recovery, restoring investors’ confidence
· Says sustained reforms, policies will make Nigeria Africa’s most attractive investment destinations
· Ties Refinery’s progress to govt.’s supportive investment, domestic industrialisation policies
By Oluwayanmife Lucas
President and Chief Executive, Dangote Industries Limited (DIL), Aliko Dangote, has commended the Federal Government for implementing bold and transformative economic reforms that are repositioning Nigeria for sustainable growth, strengthening investor confidence, and accelerating the country’s economic recovery
Dangote hailed the ongoing fiscal, monetary, and regulatory reforms of the government, insisting that it has contributed significantly to improving macroeconomic stability, enhancing productivity across key sectors, increasing Nigeria’s attractiveness as an investment destination, and fostering a more resilient business environment. He noted that the positive outcomes emerging from the reform agenda underscore the importance of consistent, market-driven policies in advancing national development and economic prosperity.
“The economic reforms being implemented by the Federal Government are beginning to yield tangible results. We are witnessing improved economic activity, stronger investor confidence, increased industrial productivity, and a more resilient business environment. These measures are laying a solid foundation for sustainable economic growth and long-term prosperity for Nigeria,” Dangote stated.
According to the DIL boss, the reforms have created a more enabling operating environment for businesses, particularly large-scale manufacturing and industrial enterprises that are critical to economic diversification, job creation, foreign exchange generation, and national competitiveness. He added that government initiatives aimed at improving efficiency, promoting investment, enhancing transparency, and supporting domestic production are providing a solid framework for industrial expansion.
“We commend the Federal Government for its courage and determination in implementing reforms that are essential for economic transformation. While every reform process comes with initial challenges, the benefits are increasingly evident in stronger economic indicators, improved business confidence, and renewed investor interest in Nigeria,” he said.
Dangote further observed that the government’s favourable policy environment has supported the continued growth and efficient operation of the Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals complex, Africa’s largest integrated refining and petrochemical facility. He noted that policy measures designed to strengthen local refining capacity, reduce import dependence, improve energy security, and encourage value addition have contributed meaningfully to the refinery’s success and Nigeria’s broader economic development objectives.
“The progress being recorded at the Dangote Petroleum Refinery and Petrochemicals complex is closely linked to a policy environment that encourages investment, supports domestic industrialisation, and promotes self-sufficiency. These reforms are helping Nigerian businesses to plan with greater certainty, invest with confidence, and compete effectively on the global stage,” he added.
He stated that the refinery’s increasing production capacity and expanding export footprint are contributing significantly to Nigeria’s economic resurgence by generating foreign exchange earnings, creating employment opportunities, strengthening local supply chains, and positioning the country as a leading energy and manufacturing hub.
Reaffirming the Group’s commitment to supporting the Federal Government’s economic agenda, Dangote assured that the DIL would continue to invest in strategic sectors, drive innovation, promote industrial development, and create sustainable employment opportunities.
“Our vision has always been to support Nigeria’s economic development through transformative investments. Today, we are witnessing how the combination of private-sector commitment and decisive government policies can unlock unprecedented opportunities for national growth. The refinery, petrochemical operations, fertiliser production, and our other industrial investments are helping to build a more self-reliant, competitive, and prosperous economy,” he said.
He expressed confidence that sustained reforms, policy consistency, and stronger collaboration between the public and private sectors would further stimulate economic growth, attract increased foreign direct investment, and reinforce Nigeria’s position as one of Africa’s most attractive investment destinations.
“Nigeria is on the path to becoming one of the world’s leading industrial and economic powers. With continued policy consistency, robust private-sector participation, and investment-led growth, the future of our economy is exceptionally bright,” Dangote concluded
Economy
Nigeria’s external reserves hit 18-year high at $53.99b
By Oluwayanmife Lucas
Nigeria’s external reserves have reached an 18-year high of $53.99 billiion on September 2. The reserves position puts the naira on course for its best year since 2018 ahead of FTSE Russell reinclusion on September 21.
According to data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), external reserves were at $53.1 on August 24. The current reserves position is far higher that CBN’s projected $51.04 billion year-end target, and will cover over 12 months import for the economy.
Nigeria’s external reserves, which provide the CBN with the capacity to support the local currency and meet external obligations, have continued to rise steadily. Further analysis showed that the liquid portion of the external reserves stood at $52.5 billion.
Brent crude yesterday traded around $95.5 per barrel—above Nigeria’s 2026 federal budget benchmark of $64.85—the price rebound would largely bolster the country’s fiscal revenues.
As an oil exporter, Nigeria continues to earn more petrodollars and to support naira stability ans bolster external reserves.
In its economic projections for 2026, the CBN targeted stronger oil earnings, foreign exchange market reforms and improved external capital inflows to achieve year-end reserves target.
Analysts said the current reserves position reinforces the steady growth in Nigeria’s external buffers.
The founder/Chief Executive Officer of the Centre for the Promotion of Public Enterprise (CPPE), Dr Muda Yusuf, earlier hinted at a positive outlook for Nigeria’s external reserves as he does not see anything derailing the forex and fiscal reforms that have brought about stability and improvement in external reserves.
Yusuf said, ‘’Well, the outlook for me is positive because I don’t see anything derailing these forex reforms, fuel subsidy etc. It is these reforms that have brought about stability”.
CBN data sfurther showed that Nigeria’s external reserves maintained a steady upward surge in recent months.
The reserves started June at $49.80 billion and crossed the $50 billion mark by June 5, reaching $50.12 billion.
On June 15, reserves had increased further to $50.81 billion before rising to current position. The reserves stood at $51.9 billion on July 31, and contrinued.
The sustained increase reflects stronger foreign exchange inflows and improved liquidity conditions in the country’s external sector.
The CBN Governor Olayemi Cardoso, said: “This strong buffer continues to reinforce investor confidence in the Nigerian economy and support exchange rate stability.”
The CBN’s decision to clear over $7 billion unsettled FX backlogs raised investors’ confidence in the economy, supporting dollar inflows and foreign reserves accretion, Cardoso said.
The CBN boss had explained that although he had no idea where the fund for the backlog clearance would come from, when he assumed office, but he believed it was the right thing to do, and gave investors his word.
He said: “Credibility is at the heart of any central bank. If you don’t have credibility, people do not trust you and they do not invest in your economy. When I took office, I made a promise we would pay the backlog, the verifiable backlog of monies that were owed by Nigeria to third parties.”
Economy
‘Good governance critical to Nigeria’s $1tr economy ambition’
By Olamide Akintunde
Experts in corporate governance, finance and public policy have said Nigeria must institutionalise good governance, sustain economic reforms and strengthen collaboration between the public and private sectors to accelerate economic growth and realise its ambition of becoming a $1 trillion economy.
The call came at the 2026 National Corporate Governance Summit themed “Implementing Good Governance for Economic Acceleration: Consolidating Public and Private Sector Partnership,” organised by the Institute of Directors (IoD) Centre for Corporate Governance, the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria (FRC), the Ministry of Finance Incorporated (MOFI) and the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators of Nigeria (ICSAN).
Speaking on the theme, the Special Adviser to the President on Economic Affairs, Dr. Tope Fasua, who represented the Vice President, Kashim Shettima, said President Bola Tinubu’s administration remained committed to implementing reforms capable of building a resilient and competitive economy.
He said the government’s economic reforms including foreign exchange reforms, tax reforms and subsidy removal must be complemented by strong corporate governance in both public institutions and private enterprises.
“The public sector can create the enabling environment through reforms, but it is the private sector that translates those policies into investments, jobs and wealth creation. Both sectors must operate with integrity, accountability and transparency,” he said.
Fasua emphasised that governance should not be treated as a mere compliance exercise but as the foundation upon which investor confidence and sustainable economic development are built.
Speaking on the sidelines of the summit, he explained that the Federal Government’s reforms were designed to create long term economic transformation rather than deliver short term political gains, while calling for greater support for domestic investment and industrialisation.
Delivering the keynote address, the Chairman of Nigerian Breweries Plc, Mrs. Juliet Anammah, described the summit’s theme as timely, saying good governance must move beyond compliance and accountability to become a strategic tool for driving Nigeria’s economic rebirth. She maintained that stronger partnerships between government and the private sector would be critical to achieving sustainable economic acceleration and improving the quality of life of Nigerians.
According to her, the country’s immediate objective should be to move from a lower-middle-income economy to an upper-middle-income economy through sustained industrialisation, innovation and long-term policy implementation.
She acknowledged that the Federal Government had undertaken bold reforms, including fuel subsidy removal, foreign exchange unification and bank recapitalisation, saying the difficult decisions had helped stabilise the economy.
While noting that macroeconomic stability was encouraging, Anammah said it was not the final destination.
“Stabilisation is not the end goal. The destination is economic rebirth that improves household incomes, creates quality careers, expands access to healthcare and education and delivers reliable infrastructure,” she said.
Drawing lessons from countries such as Vietnam and Morocco, she argued that Nigeria must embrace industrialisation by producing more sophisticated and value-added products instead of relying on primary commodities.
She noted that sectors such as petrochemicals, agro-processing, automotive, renewable energy and manufacturing already possess enormous growth potential but require consistent industrial policies supported by sound governance to unlock higher levels of economic complexity.
According to her, policy inconsistency remains one of Nigeria’s greatest development challenges, urging governments at all levels to sustain industrial policies beyond political administrations.
She also advocated stronger competition among states, independent evaluation of industrial policies and closer collaboration between government and the private sector to deepen investment and accelerate economic growth.
She concluded that achieving meaningful economic acceleration would require strong corporate governance, sustained industrial policies and close collaboration between government and the private sector, noting that only through such coordinated efforts can Nigeria transition from an economy driven by informal livelihoods to one characterised by productive industries, quality careers and rising prosperity for its citizens.
Earlier, Chairman of the Board of Governors of the IoD Centre for Corporate Governance, Dr. Uche Eke, said the summit deliberately shifted the conversation from governance principles to implementation, stressing that sustainable economic growth would only be achieved when sound governance becomes embedded across both public institutions and private enterprises.
He explained that Nigeria had spent years identifying governance challenges and developing frameworks, stressing that the time had come for practical execution.
“We have stayed too long articulating the issues. The focus now is implementation. We must embed sound corporate governance practices in both public institutions and private organisations to guarantee sustainability beyond current leadership,” he said.
Eke noted that the summit sought to build national consensus among regulators, government institutions and the private sector on practical governance reforms capable of improving transparency, accountability and economic competitiveness.
He stressed that merit, competence and diversity should determine appointments into leadership positions rather than nepotism or political considerations.
“If Nigeria is serious about building a one trillion dollar economy, we must consistently place the right people in leadership positions, promote diversity of skills and hold leaders accountable for results,” he said.
Also speaking, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of MOFI, Dr. Armstrong Takang, said government alone cannot build the economy Nigeria desires, stressing that strong corporate governance is the foundation for effective public-private partnerships, investor confidence and long-term economic development.
He argued that contrary to the belief that government should not participate in business, successful economies such as China had demonstrated that well-governed state-owned enterprises could become major drivers of investment, industrialisation and economic growth.
Takang said MOFI’s recent experience showed that institutions with strong corporate governance frameworks consistently attracted greater investment and delivered better value creation.
According to him, governance reforms introduced across MOFI’s portfolio companies had significantly improved investor confidence and strengthened the performance of government-owned assets.
He cited initiatives including the MOFI Real Estate Investment Fund and the proposed Metro Rail Infrastructure Programme as examples of projects attracting institutional investment because of strong governance structures.
“Government alone cannot build the economy we desire. We need partnerships with the private sector and institutional investors, and corporate governance remains the common denominator that inspires confidence and mobilises capital,” he said.
Stakeholders and participants at the summit agreed that sustaining reforms, strengthening institutions and entrenching transparency across both public and private organisations would be critical to accelerating economic growth, boosting investor confidence and positioning Nigeria to achieve its long-term development ambitions.
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